[Cialug] ubuntu disk storage

Wed Feb 16 17:11:30 UTC 2022

One thing to keep in mind with those larger drives is you really want to
guard against data loss.  With that much data, it is a matter of when, not
if.  I would recommend using/looking into something like ZFS in a 2 drive
redundant configuration.

On Wed, Feb 16, 2022 at 11:08 AM <chris at bynw.com> wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I've got a friend who is having some trouble with his Ubuntu server.
> It's running Ubuntu Bionic 18.04.6.
>
> The setup is Ubuntu has multiple hard drives. The goal is to have the
> other hard drives be for storage of /home/* while the OS and most apps
> are all on the primary drive.
>
> I wanted to make sure the system could actually see the other
> drives/partitions so I found under askubuntu.com that you can run lsblk
> command to see them in a nice human readable format:
>
> chris at DM-02:~$ sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL
> NAME FSTYPE SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL
> loop0 squashfs 162.9M /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
> loop1 squashfs 4K /snap/bare/5
> loop2 squashfs 55.5M /snap/core18/2253
> loop3 squashfs 2.6M /snap/gnome-calculator/920
> loop4 squashfs 219M /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/77
> loop5 squashfs 704K /snap/gnome-characters/761
> loop6 squashfs 99.5M /snap/wine-platform-3-stable/14
> loop7 squashfs 55.5M /snap/core18/2284
> loop8 squashfs 110.5M /snap/core/12603
> loop9 squashfs 236M /snap/kde-frameworks-5/27
> loop10 squashfs 219M /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
> loop11 squashfs 164.8M /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161
> loop12 squashfs 65.1M /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
> loop13 squashfs 158.9M /snap/qbittorrent-arnatious/83
> loop14 squashfs 2.5M /snap/gnome-system-monitor/169
> loop15 squashfs 2.5M /snap/gnome-calculator/884
> loop16 squashfs 99.4M /snap/core/11993
> loop17 squashfs 21.1M /snap/deluge-lukewh/13
> loop18 squashfs 61.9M /snap/core20/1270
> loop19 squashfs 99.5M /snap/wine-platform-3-stable/11
> loop20 squashfs 704K /snap/gnome-characters/741
> loop22 squashfs 21.1M /snap/deluge-lukewh/12
> loop23 squashfs 346.9M /snap/wine-platform-runtime/285
> loop24 squashfs 2.5M /snap/gnome-system-monitor/174
> loop25 squashfs 548K /snap/gnome-logs/103
> loop26 squashfs 323.5M /snap/kde-frameworks-5-qt-5-15-core20/14
> loop27 squashfs 146.5M /snap/qbittorrent-arnatious/86
> loop28 squashfs 65.2M /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519
> loop29 squashfs 247.9M /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/87
> loop30 squashfs 84.6M /snap/ktorrent/12
> loop31 squashfs 61.9M /snap/core20/1328
> loop32 squashfs 548K /snap/gnome-logs/106
> loop33 squashfs 84.6M /snap/ktorrent/13
> loop34 squashfs 248.8M /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/99
> loop35 squashfs 346.8M /snap/wine-platform-runtime/284
> sda 119.2G
> └─sda1 ext4 119.2G /
> sdb 7.3T
> sdc 7.3T
> sdd 7.3T
> sde 7.3T
> sdf 7.3T
> sdg 7.3T
> sdh 7.3T
> sdi 7.3T
> sdj 7.3T
> sdk 7.3T
> sdl 7.3T
> sdm 7.3T
> sdn 7.3T
> sdo 7.3T
> sdp 7.3T
>
> The extra drives are all there as sdb-sdp at 7.3T each in size. These
> need to be one drive as far as Ubuntu is concerned for the /home
>
> I double checked with fdisk -l to make sure they showed as usable drives
> too and they do:
>
> chris at DM-02:~$ sudo fdisk -l
> Disk /dev/loop0: 162.9 MiB, 170778624 bytes, 333552 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop1: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop2: 55.5 MiB, 58183680 bytes, 113640 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop3: 2.6 MiB, 2748416 bytes, 5368 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop4: 219 MiB, 229638144 bytes, 448512 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop5: 704 KiB, 720896 bytes, 1408 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop6: 99.5 MiB, 104304640 bytes, 203720 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop7: 55.5 MiB, 58204160 bytes, 113680 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/sda: 119.2 GiB, 128035676160 bytes, 250069680 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: dos
> Disk identifier: 0xc7506c92
>
> Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
> /dev/sda1 * 2048 250068991 250066944 119.2G 83 Linux
>
> Disk /dev/sdb: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 931F33CC-621B-4EB2-8057-4E18809F4BB2
>
> Disk /dev/sdh: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: BE0EDC9D-1089-4F76-B6B3-9F3CA020B98B
>
> Disk /dev/sdc: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: BF0C825F-3D1D-4B7A-89F0-D86EF1F269D4
>
> Disk /dev/sdf: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 0D4098F2-4632-4124-AC9D-1BF9E14F1838
>
> Disk /dev/sde: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 7C8E3EB0-3F79-406E-8F04-2DF14A1EB812
>
> Disk /dev/sdg: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 28667A43-3896-4350-8897-0F3811449EFC
>
> Disk /dev/sdd: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 87F5722D-02E2-4ABF-90B3-D82922773B53
>
> Disk /dev/sdn: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: E60C4935-08CF-424E-9F61-A01067F90735
>
> Disk /dev/sdp: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 5636FE21-6B52-4A22-BAD8-5785181B24FC
>
> Disk /dev/sdo: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: B9769263-3EA8-4690-8DAB-CB986C73B715
>
> Disk /dev/sdm: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: CB45A877-FEE8-46E3-B17D-29D6A5827E06
>
> Disk /dev/sdl: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: C2CD98D7-42A4-4FBE-B81B-08A502380CAA
>
> Disk /dev/sdj: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 4EE14EB8-9DE7-4F6F-BF59-8D8E62AB3A14
>
> Disk /dev/sdi: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 4A3237D0-4281-45F9-9B19-2EC855242F3D
>
> Disk /dev/sdk: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 54EAF1D0-B564-4A65-8F17-C87ED55AEAC1
>
> Disk /dev/loop8: 110.5 MiB, 115855360 bytes, 226280 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop9: 236 MiB, 247422976 bytes, 483248 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop10: 219 MiB, 229638144 bytes, 448512 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop11: 164.8 MiB, 172761088 bytes, 337424 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop12: 65.1 MiB, 68259840 bytes, 133320 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop13: 158.9 MiB, 166576128 bytes, 325344 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop14: 2.5 MiB, 2658304 bytes, 5192 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop15: 2.5 MiB, 2605056 bytes, 5088 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop16: 99.4 MiB, 104267776 bytes, 203648 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop17: 21.1 MiB, 22126592 bytes, 43216 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop18: 61.9 MiB, 64913408 bytes, 126784 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop19: 99.5 MiB, 104304640 bytes, 203720 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop20: 704 KiB, 720896 bytes, 1408 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop22: 21.1 MiB, 22126592 bytes, 43216 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop23: 346.9 MiB, 363716608 bytes, 710384 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop24: 2.5 MiB, 2658304 bytes, 5192 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop25: 548 KiB, 561152 bytes, 1096 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop26: 323.5 MiB, 339222528 bytes, 662544 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop27: 146.5 MiB, 153587712 bytes, 299976 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop28: 65.2 MiB, 68378624 bytes, 133552 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop29: 247.9 MiB, 259948544 bytes, 507712 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop30: 84.6 MiB, 88682496 bytes, 173208 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop31: 61.9 MiB, 64917504 bytes, 126792 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop32: 548 KiB, 561152 bytes, 1096 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop33: 84.6 MiB, 88682496 bytes, 173208 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop34: 248.8 MiB, 260841472 bytes, 509456 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> Disk /dev/loop35: 346.8 MiB, 363646976 bytes, 710248 sectors
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>
> I've never done anything with logical drives which is what I believe I
> need to do in order to get these extra drives treated as one drive all
> for the /home directory for all users. So I'm just looking for
> assistance in getting that done.
>
> Thanks!
>
> Chris
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